PEP

What is PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis)?
PEP stands for Post‑Exposure Prophylaxis. It is a short course of HIV medication taken after a possible exposure to reduce the risk of becoming infected with HIV.

 

When can I ask for PEP?
PEP is a medication that can reduce the risk of HIV infection after a potential exposure.

PEP should be started as soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours of exposure. It may still be considered up to 72 hours after exposure. PEP is not recommended beyond 72 hours.

The decision to start PEP is always made on a case-by-case basis.

 

PEP may be recommended in the following situations:

 

• Sexual exposure (both consensual sex and sexual assault):
  PEP may be recommended following an assessment of risk of exposure and the specific circumstances.
• Occupational exposure:
  Healthcare professionals may be eligible for PEP following occupational exposure, such as a needle-stick injury or contact with blood or bodily fluids from a potential HIV source.
• Other potential risk of exposure:
  PEP may also be indicated for individuals with ongoing or potential risk of HIV exposure, following a clinical risk assessment by a healthcare professional.

 

What does it involve?

PEP involves taking a 28‑day course of HIV medication. Because these medicines may have side‑effects or interact with other drugs, anyone considering PEP should be assessed by a healthcare professional experienced in sexual health. Before starting treatment, baseline tests are required.

Pregnancy does not prevent someone from taking PEP, but it may influence the choice of medication.

Follow‑up HIV testing is performed after completing the 28‑day course, and again 8–12 weeks after the exposure. Additional STI testing may also be recommended.

PEP is an HIV prevention method and should not be used as a routine prevention strategy. Ongoing sexual health check‑ups are recommended once PEP is completed.

Before starting treatment, baseline tests are required.

 

What are the side‑effects?
Possible side‑effects include:

• nausea or vomiting

• diarrhoea or abdominal discomfort

• headache or dizziness

• flu‑like or respiratory symptoms

These are usually manageable, but any concerning symptoms should be reviewed by a healthcare professional.

 

Where can I go for PEP?
Where you should go for PEP depends on the type of exposure:

 Consensual sexual exposure
If you have had consensual sex and think you may need PEP, it is available at Health Centres around Malta. Health professionals can assess your risk and provide PEP if indicated. For more information, call 21 231 231.

 Sexual assault
If the exposure is related to sexual assault, go immediately to the Emergency Department. For more information, call 1400. The Emergency Department can provide urgent medical care, PEP, and access to further support services.

 Occupational exposure
If the exposure happened at work, including:

• Healthcare settings
• Non-healthcare settings

You should contact the Infection Control Team, who will assess the exposure and arrange PEP if required.